Skip to content. | Skip to navigation

 
Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
World Factbook Title
navigation arrows
View Text Low Bandwidth Version Download Publication
page last updated on October 16, 2012
Flag of Mongolia
(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
Location of Mongolia
Click flag or map to enlarge Opens in New Window
 
Map of Mongolia
Click map to enlarge Opens in New Window
Photos of Mongolia
 
Navigation Arrow view 1 photo Opens in New Window
of Mongolia
Expand All | collapse All
Introduction ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing and a Communist regime was installed in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. The MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the 2000 parliamentary election, but the party lost seats in the 2004 election and shared power with democratic coalition parties from 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in the 2008 parliamentary elections but nevertheless formed a coalition government with the Democratic Party that lasted until January 2012. In 2010 the MPRP voted to retake the name of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), a name it used in the early 1920s.
Back to Top
Geography ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
46 00 N, 105 00 E
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1,564,116 sq km
country comparison to the world: 19
land: 1,553,556 sq km
water: 10,560 sq km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly smaller than Alaska
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 8,220 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 km (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m
highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 0.76%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.24% (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
840 sq km (2003)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
34.8 cu km (1999)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 0.44 cu km/yr (20%/27%/52%)
per capita: 166 cu m/yr (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Back to Top
People ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Khalkha Mongol 90% (official), Turkic, Russian (1999)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3,179,997 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 27.1% (male 439,504/ female 421,838)
15-64 years: 68.9% (male 1,095,073/ female 1,096,374)
65 years and over: 4% (male 55,274/ female 71,934) (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 26.6 years
male: 26.2 years
female: 27 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.469% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20.7 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.01 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 62% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ULAANBAATAR (capital) 949,000 (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
63 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 98
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 36 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 66
male: 38.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 32.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 68.63 years
country comparison to the world: 155
male: 66.16 years
female: 71.23 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.19 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.3% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 40
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.763 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.89 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.8% (2005)
country comparison to the world: 57
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.3% (2005)
country comparison to the world: 82
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.6% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 39
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.4%
male: 96.9%
female: 97.9% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 15 years (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 20%
country comparison to the world: 57
male: 19.5%
female: 20.7% (2003)
Back to Top
Government ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Mongolia
local long form: none
local short form: Mongol Uls
former: Outer Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
parliamentary
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: Ulaanbaatar
geographic coordinates: 47 55 N, 106 55 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
11 July 1921 (from China)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
13 January 1992
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ (since 18 June 2009)
head of government: Prime Minister Norov ALTANKHUYAG (since 9 August 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Dendev TERBISHDAGVA (since 20 August 2012)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the president and confirmed by the State Great Hural (parliament)
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 May 2009 (next to be held by May 2013); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by State Great Hural
election results: in elections in May 2009, Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ elected president; percent of vote - Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ 51.2%, Nambar ENKHBAYAR 47.4%, others 1.3%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; of which 48 members are directly elected from 26 electoral districts, while 28 members are proportionally elected based on a party's share of the total votes; all serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 28 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP 31, MPP 25, Justice Coalition 11, others 5, vacant 4
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president); Constitutional Court (this independent court resolves disputes about potentially unconstitutional laws and acts of the president, members of parliament, and the cabinet)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Civil Will-Green Party or CWGP [Dangaasuren EHKHBAT]; Democratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; Mongolian People's Party or MPP [O. ENKHTUVSHIN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
other: human rights groups; women's groups
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Khasbazar BEKHBAT
chancery: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 333-7117
FAX: [1] (202) 298-9227
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Piper Anne Wind CAMPBELL
embassy: Big Ring Road, 11th Micro Region, Ulaanbaatar, 14171 Mongolia
mailing address: PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002; P.O. Box 1021, Ulaanbaatar-13
telephone: [976] (11) 329-095
FAX: [976] (11) 320-776
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
soyombo emblem
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal" (National Anthem of Mongolia)
lyrics/music: Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ
note: music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; the anthem's lyrics have been altered on numerous occasions
Back to Top
Economy ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Economic activity in Mongolia was traditionally based on herding and agriculture - Mongolia's extensive mineral deposits, however, have attracted foreign investors, and the country is undergoing an economic transformation through its mining boom. Mongolia holds copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten deposits, among others, which account for a large part of foreign direct investment and government revenues. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth, because of reform-embracing, free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices and new gold production. By late 2008, the country was faced with external shocks from the global financial crisis, and a sharp drop in commodity prices slashed government revenues. GDP dropped 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the International Monetary Fund reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and the country has largely emerged from the crisis. The banking sector is recovering and the government has started to enact greater supervision regulations. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi mine, considered to be among the world's largest untapped copper deposits. Another similarly lengthy process is underway for an investment agreement for the massive coal mine at Tavan Tolgoi; it is under review by the National Security Council and a final decision is expected in 2012. The economy grew 6.4% in 2010 and 17.3% in 2011, largely on the strength of commodity exports to nearby countries. Trade with China represents more than half of Mongolia's total external trade - China receives more than 90% of Mongolia's exports. Mongolia purchases 95% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. In the face of anticipated growth in mining revenues, the country is grappling with the challenge of avoiding an overheated economy. Due to severe winter weather in 2009-10, Mongolia lost 22% of its total livestock, and meat prices doubled. Renewed concerns are surfacing over controlling inflation, which was more than 10% for much of 2010-11, due in part to soaring food prices. Government spending - on line to increase as much as 75% over 2011 - has added to concerns over inflation. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant. Money-laundering is a growing concern.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$13.43 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
$11.46 billion (2010 est.)
$10.77 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$8.506 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
17.3% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
6.4% (2010 est.)
-1.3% (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$4,800 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
$4,200 (2010 est.)
$4,000 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 15.8%
industry: 32.6%
services: 51.6% (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.147 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 33.5%
industry: 11.5%
services: 55% (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.9% (2010)
country comparison to the world: 110
11.5% (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
39.2% (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 28.4% (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
36.5 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 81
32.8 (2002)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $3.44 billion
expenditures: $3.496 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
40.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-0.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.5% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
10.2% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10.99% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 24
10.82% (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16.61% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
17.9% (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.806 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$921.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$4.592 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$3.821 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$3.077 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
$1.979 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.579 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 107
$1.093 billion (31 December 2010)
$430.2 million (31 December 2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
37.3% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-$931.5 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
-$886.5 million (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$4.78 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
$2.909 billion (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal, crude oil
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
China 92.1%, Russia 2%, Canada 1.9% (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$6.527 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$3.089 billion (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, cigarettes and tobacco, appliances, soap and detergent
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
China 30.7%, Russia 24.5%, US 8.1%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 5.5% (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.9 billion (2011)
country comparison to the world: 141
$1.76 billion (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar -
1,265.5 (2011 est.)
1,357.1 (2010 est.)
1,442.8 (2009)
1,170 (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
calendar year
Back to Top
Energy ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.056 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.375 billion kWh (2010)
country comparison to the world: 129
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
22.2 million kWh (2010)
country comparison to the world: 83
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
262.9 million kWh (2010)
country comparison to the world: 83
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
833,200 kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
99.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6,983 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5,260 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA bbl (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
21,610 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15,730 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
11,790 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.436 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
Back to Top
Communications ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
187,600 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 128
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.942 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 129
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas; a fiber-optic network has been installed that is improving broadband and communication services between major urban centers with multiple companies providing inter-city fiber-optic cable services
domestic: very low fixed-line teledensity; there are multiple mobile- cellular providers and subscribership is increasing
international: country code - 976; satellite earth stations - 7
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.mn
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20,865 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 116
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
330,000 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 125
Back to Top
Transportation ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
44 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 98
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 29
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
under 914 m: 1 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1,908 km
country comparison to the world: 73
broad gauge: 1,908 km 1.520-m gauge
note: the railway is 50 percent owned by the Russian State Railway (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 49,249 km
country comparison to the world: 81
paved: 3,015 km
unpaved: 46,234 km (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
580 km (the only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol) (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, they are open from May to September) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 82
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 57
country comparison to the world: 68
by type: bulk carrier 21, cargo 25, chemical tanker 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 2, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 1
foreign-owned: 44 (Indonesia 2, Japan 2, North Korea 1, Russia 2, Singapore 3, Ukraine 1, Vietnam 33) (2010)
Back to Top
Military ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Mongolian Armed Forces: Mongolian Army, Mongolian Air Force; there is no navy (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months in land or air defense forces or police; a small portion of Mongolian land forces (2.5 percent) is comprised of contract soldiers; women cannot be deployed overseas for military operations (2006)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 898,546
females age 16-49: 891,192 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 726,199
females age 16-49: 756,628 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 30,829
female: 29,648 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.4% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 107
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Mongolia
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none
Back to Top
Expand All | collapse All
  The online Factbook is updated weekly. ISSN 1553-8133
For additional information on government leaders in selected foreign countries, go to World Leaders.