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Central Intelligence Agency
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| page last updated on October 4, 2012 |
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(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
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| Introduction ::Czech Republic |
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At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, the Czech part of the country was forcibly annexed to the Third Reich, and the Slovaks declared independence as an ally of Nazi Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist Party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression known as "normalization." With the collapse of Soviet-backed authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its democracy through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.
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| Geography ::Czech Republic |
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Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
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49 45 N, 15 30 E
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total: 78,867 sq km
country comparison to the world: 116
land:
77,247 sq km
water:
1,620 sq km
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slightly smaller than South Carolina
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total: 1,989 km
border countries:
Austria 362 km, Germany 815 km, Poland 615 km, Slovakia 197 km
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0 km (landlocked)
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none (landlocked)
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temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
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Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
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lowest point: Elbe River 115 m
highest point:
Snezka 1,602 m
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hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
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arable land: 38.82%
permanent crops:
3%
other:
58.18% (2005)
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390 sq km (2003)
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16 cu km (2005)
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total: 1.91 cu km/yr (41%/57%/2%)
per capita:
187 cu m/yr (2002)
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flooding
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air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
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noun: Czech(s)
adjective:
Czech
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Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001 census)
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Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census)
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Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)
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10,177,300 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
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0-14 years: 13.4% (male 703,476/ female 665,087)
15-64 years:
69.6% (male 3,564,702/ female 3,514,501)
65 years and over:
17% (male 694,215/ female 1,035,319) (2012 est.)
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total: 41.1 years
male:
39.6 years
female:
42.9 years (2012 est.)
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-0.134% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206
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8.62 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215
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10.94 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
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0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
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urban population: 74% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:
0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
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PRAGUE (capital) 1.162 million (2009)
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female
total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 174
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total: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 206
male:
4.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
3.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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total population: 77.38 years
country comparison to the world: 65
male:
74.11 years
female:
80.83 years (2012 est.)
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1.27 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215
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7.6% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 64
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3.625 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
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7.18 beds/1,000 population (2008)
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less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
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2,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
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fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
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15.1% (2002)
country comparison to the world: 36
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2.1% (2002)
country comparison to the world: 111
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4.2% of GDP (2007)
country comparison to the world: 95
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definition: NA
total population:
99%
male:
99%
female:
99% (2003 est.)
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total: 15 years
male:
15 years
female:
16 years (2008)
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total: 16.6%
country comparison to the world: 70
male:
16.6%
female:
16.7% (2009)
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| Government ::Czech Republic |
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conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form:
Czech Republic
local long form:
Ceska Republika
local short form:
Cesko
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parliamentary democracy
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name: Prague
geographic coordinates:
50 05 N, 14 28 E
time difference:
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
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13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky, Kralovehradecky, Liberecky, Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky, Pardubicky, Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky, Vysocina, Zlinsky
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1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs generally consider 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day
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Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
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ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993; amended several times
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civil law system based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory; note - Czech parliament has modernized many elements of legal system
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has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
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18 years of age; universal
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chief of state: President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003)
head of government:
Prime Minister Petr NECAS (since 28 June 2010); First Deputy Prime Minister Karel SCHWARZENBERG (since 13 July 2010), Deputy Prime Minister Karolina PEAKE (since 1 July 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections:
president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last successful election held on 15 February 2008 (after inconclusive elections held 8 and 9 February 2008; next election to be held in 2013); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:
Vaclav KLAUS reelected president on 15 February 2008; Vaclav KLAUS 141 votes, Jan SVEJNAR 111 votes (third round; combined votes of both chambers of parliament)
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bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections:
Senate - last held in two rounds on 15-16 and 22-23 October 2010 (next to be held by October 2012); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28-29 May 2010 (next to be held by 2014)
election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CSSD 41, ODS 25, KDU-CSL 6, TOP 09 5, others 4; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 22.1%, ODS 20.2%, TOP 09 16.7%, KSCM 11.3%, VV 10.9%, other 18.8%; seats by party - CSSD 54, ODS 52, TOP 09 41, KSCM 26, VV 21, unaffiliated 6
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Supreme Court; judges are appointed by the president for an unlimited term; Constitutional Court; 15 judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate for a 10-year term; Supreme Administrative Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term; judges are appointed by the president for an unlimited term
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Association of Independent Candidates-European Democrats or SNK-ED [Zdenka MARKOVA]; Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr NECAS]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA]; Green Party [Ondrej LISKA]; Public Affairs or VV [Radek JOHN]; Tradice Odpovednost Prosperita 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]
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Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Jaroslav ZAVADIL]
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Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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chief of mission: Ambassador Petr GANDALOVIC
chancery:
3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 274-9100
FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8540
consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
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chief of mission: Ambassador Norman EISEN
embassy:
Trziste 15, 118 01 Prague 1
mailing address:
use embassy street address
telephone:
[420] 257 022 000
FAX:
[420] 257 022 809
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two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
note:
is identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia
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double-tailed lion
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name: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?)
lyrics/music:
Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP
note:
adopted 1993; the anthem is a verse from the former Czechoslovak anthem originally written as part of the opera "Fidlovacka"
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The Czech Republic is a stable and prosperous market economy, which harmonized its laws and regulations with those of the EU prior to its EU accession in 2004. While the conservative, inward-looking Czech financial system has remained relatively healthy, the small, open, export-driven Czech economy remains sensitive to changes in the economic performance of its main export markets, especially Germany. When Western Europe and Germany fell into recession in late 2008, demand for Czech goods plunged, leading to double digit drops in industrial production and exports. As a result, real GDP fell 4.7% in 2009, with most of the decline occurring during the first quarter. Real GDP, however, has slowly recovered with positive quarter-on-quarter growth starting in the second half of 2009 and continuing throughout 2011. The auto industry remains the largest single industry, and, together with its upstream suppliers, accounts for nearly 24% of Czech manufacturing. The Czech Republic produced more than a million cars for the first time in 2010, over 80% of which were exported. Foreign and domestic businesses alike voice concerns about corruption especially in public procurement. Other long term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy.
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$288.6 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
$283.9 billion (2010 est.)
$276.3 billion (2009 est.)
note:
data are in 2011 US dollars
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$215.3 billion (2011 est.)
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1.7% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
2.7% (2010 est.)
-4.7% (2009 est.)
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$27,400 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
$27,000 (2010 est.)
$26,400 (2009 est.)
note:
data are in 2011 US dollars
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agriculture: 1.6%
industry:
38.1%
services:
60.3% (2011 est.)
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5.41 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
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agriculture: 3.1%
industry:
38.6%
services:
58.3% (2009)
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8.5% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
9% (2010 est.)
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9% (2010 est.)
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lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%:
NA% (2009)
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31 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 109
25.4 (1996)
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23.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
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revenues: $51.45 billion
expenditures:
$59.41 billion (2011 est.)
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23.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
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-3.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
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40.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
37.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
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1.9% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
1.5% (2010 est.)
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0.75% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
0.75% (31 December 2010)
note:
this is the two-week repo, the main rate CNB uses
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5.72% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
5.889% (31 December 2010 est.)
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$107.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$107.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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$142.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
$144.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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$142.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$122.9 billion (31 December 2010)
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$53.2 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 47
$73.1 billion (31 December 2010)
$70.26 billion (31 December 2009)
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wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry
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motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
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6.9% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
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-$6.348 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
-$5.993 billion (2010 est.)
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$138.5 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$116.7 billion (2010 est.)
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machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuel, chemicals
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Germany 32.4%, Slovakia 9%, Poland 6.3%, France 5.5%, Austria 4.6%, UK 4.6%, Italy 4.2% (2010 est.)
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$133.2 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$113.9 billion (2010 est.)
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machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals
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Germany 29.7%, China 7.6%, Poland 7.1%, Slovakia 7%, Netherlands 5.7%, Russia 4.8%, Austria 4.4% (2010 est.)
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$40.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
$42.49 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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$101.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
$95.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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$134.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$129.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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$16.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$15.52 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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koruny (CZK) per US dollar -
17.696 (2011 est.)
19.098 (2010 est.)
19.063 (2009)
17.064 (2008)
20.53 (2007)
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calendar year
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80.44 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
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58.88 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
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21.59 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
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6.642 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
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18.32 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
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60% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
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20.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
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5.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
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7.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
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9,162 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
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420 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
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143,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
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15 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
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167,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
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199,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
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25,060 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
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65,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
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185 million cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
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8.944 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
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167 million cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
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9.319 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
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3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
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90.83 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
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| Communications ::Czech Republic |
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2.202 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 56
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12.81 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 60
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general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; virtually all exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay
domestic:
access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population
international:
country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar)
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roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio broadcasters are registered operating roughly 80 radio stations with 15 stations publicly operated; 10 radio stations provide national coverage with the remainder local or regional (2008)
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.cz
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4.14 million (2010)
country comparison to the world: 26
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6.681 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 40
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| Transportation ::Czech Republic |
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128 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 45
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total: 41
over 3,047 m:
2
2,438 to 3,047 m:
9
1,524 to 2,437 m:
12
914 to 1,523 m:
2
under 914 m:
16 (2012)
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total: 87
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
914 to 1,523 m:
26
under 914 m:
60 (2012)
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1 (2012)
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gas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2010)
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total: 9,469 km
country comparison to the world: 22
standard gauge:
9,449 km 1.435-m gauge (3,165 km electrified)
narrow gauge:
20 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)
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total: 127,797 km (includes urban roads)
country comparison to the world: 37
paved:
127,797 km (includes 730 km of expressways) (2008)
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664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 77
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registered in other countries: 1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 150
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Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
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| Military ::Czech Republic |
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Army of the Czech Republic (Armada Ceske Republiky): Joint Forces Command (Spolocene Sily; includes Land Forces (Pozemni Sily) and Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily))
note:
the Ministry of Defense plans to abolish the Joint Forces Command in 2012 and reestablish separate Land and Air Forces Commands (2011)
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18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)
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males age 16-49: 2,506,826
females age 16-49:
2,407,634 (2010 est.)
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males age 16-49: 2,072,267
females age 16-49:
1,988,839 (2010 est.)
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male: 49,999
female:
47,501 (2010 est.)
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1.15% of GDP (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
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| Transnational Issues ::Czech Republic |
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while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the popular Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closes its controversial Soviet-style nuclear plant in Temelin, bordering Austria
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transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy (2008)
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